The two turbine types are examined and compared with each other together with the turbine supply unit and the universal drive and brake unit. A pelton turbine is installed horizontally and may contain numerous stages of runners and cups, each stage adding to the turbines efficient kinetic energy to drive the power generator. Kaplan turbine is more compact in crosssection and has lower rotational speed to that of francis turbine. For a kaplan turbine, it depicts the model as though it were operating with its optimum 3d bladetogate cam. It has fewer parts as compared to franciss turbine which has both fixed vanes and guided vanes. In kaplan turbine water enters axially and leaves axially, while in francis turbine water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine while kaplan is a reaction turbine. Francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, fourneyron etc. What are the difference between tender and contract documents. A comparison of pelton, francis, and kaplan turbines. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan.
Examples of reaction turbine are francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, etc. These are all major difference between francis and kaplan turbine. The required discharge for the working of a pelton turbine is low. Kaplan turbines could technically work across a wide range of heads and flow rates, but because of other turbine types being more effective on higher heads, and because kaplans are relative expensive, they are the turbine of choice for lower head sites with high flow rates. Pelton, kaplan, francis,turgo,tubular turbine generator.
On the other hand, impulse turbine is pelton wheel, banki turbine. It is also called as propeller turbine and evolved from the francis turbine. An example of a reaction turbine is francis, kaplan turbine. Its similar to the propeller turbine, except that its blades are adjustable. In both the cases hydraulic energy of water gets converted into useful power output. It is capable of working at low head and high flow rates very efficiently which is impossible with francis turbine. He developed inward radial flow reaction turbine called as francis turbine. The invention of kaplan turbine is evolution in the field of hydraulic turbines or we can say that it is the upgrade version of francis turbine. The turbine is always installed above the tailrace and there is no draft tube used. The working procedure, main components and its application is discussed in this article. The difference in peak efficiency is about 9%, and even the difference in the location of peak efficiencies occurs over several megawatts. The francis turbine was invented by james bicheno francis, a pioneer in early waterpower. Both turbines produced power due to both kinetic energy and pressure energy. Pelton wheel high working head, tangential water flow, low specific speed, low discharge and impulse type of turbine.
The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine in kaplan turbine water enters axially and leaves axially, while in francis turbine water enters. Pelton turbine was developed by lester allan pelton in the year 1870. Hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. Kaplan turbine is designed for low water head applications. It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. But i search for differences between pelton wheel fransis turbine and keplon turbine. A water turbine uses the potential energy resulting from the difference in elevation between an upstream water reservoir and the turbineexit water level the tailrace to convert this socalled head into work. Subscribe our website for more informative articles. If you like this article, dont forget to share it on social networks. Instead of displacing the water axially using shaft power and creating axial thrust, the axial force of water acts on the blades of kaplan turbine and generating shaft power.
There are different types of turbines such as a pelton turbine, kaplan turbine, francis turbine, bulb turbine etc. Kaplan turbine was developed by the austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19. Different factors affecting the selection of a turbine are briefly explained in this article. A kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was developed by austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19 and francis turbine was developed by james. Distinguish, differentiate, compare and explain what is the main difference between kaplan and francis turbine in mechanical engineering. Initial turbine selection is usually based on the ratio of design variables known as the power specific speed. It was named after james bicheno francis 18151892, the american engineer who invented the apparatus in 1849.
An example of an impulse turbine is the pelton wheel. Turgo turbine, a modified form of the pelton wheel. It can be designed for operating heads ranging from 50 to 2,000 feet. A francis turbine is a reactiontype turbine having a runner with a large number of fixed buckets, usually nine or more, to which the water is supplied in a whirling radial direction. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. Regulation of flow in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevalve, scroll casing, stay. If you have any query regarding this article, ask by commeting. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Impulse turbine in the impulse turbine first all pressure energy of water. Flow regulation is carried out by means of guide vane assembly. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine france turbine is radially in ward or mixed flow turbine kaplan turbine is partially axial floe disposition of shafts.
In fact, it resembles a pelton only with half cups arranged around the. Francis turbine is a radial flow reaction turbine where as kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine. Kaplan turbine has propeller like blades but works just reverse. This video gives a short introduction to the kaplan, francis and pelton type hydroelectric turbines. Turbine turbine turbine selection on the basis of specific speed. General differences between francis and kaplan turbinesedit. Flow regulation is done by means of a needle valve fitted into the nozzle. Later on some modification was made on it then it is called as modern francis turbine.
Crossflow turbine, also known as bankimichell turbine, or ossberger turbine. Both serve almost the same purpose only names along with slight operating ways and their time of arrival is different. Kaplan and francis are two types of turbines which were developed by two different engineers. Water turbine gas turbine old technology science and technology st francis dam form architecture hydroelectric power jet engine alternative energy. Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. The turgo turbine is similar in operation to the pelton wheel. It is necessary to avoid consuming of energy in head loss, and transform the maximum amount of energy, in dynamics pressure at the exit point. As discussed above, it is a type of reaction turbine. In other words, the governor of each and every turbine. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines.
What is the difference between kaplan and francis turbines. Turbine turbine selection on the basis of specific speed. A reaction turbine is a type of turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under great pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine blades from the working fluid generally water unlike pelton turbine in which all the energy of the working fluid is. Hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. A pelton turbine collects the dynamic pressure energy at the outlet pipe. Before talking about the differences lets see some similarities 1.
What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the. Diffusion vanes are located in the discharge port of the pump to eliminate the. Pelton turbine has a nozzle which converts hydraulic energy into kinetic energy. Kaplan, francis and pelton hydroelectric turbines youtube. Comparison between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. This method may be used on any hydraulic reaction turbine, including francis and, in particular, kaplan turbines. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis and. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines. The kaplan turbine runner has 38 blades while francis turbine runner has 1525 blades in general. Optimizing kaplan turbine efficiency with minimal cost. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia.
The head ranges from 1070 metres and the output ranges from 5 to 200 mw. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel turbine decreases faster than the francis turbine. Francis turbine variation in the operating head can be more simply controlled. Difference between impulse and reaction turbine with pdf. The overall efficiency of the pelton turbine is high.
Austrian engineer viktor kaplan 18761934 invented this turbine. In kaplan turbine, water enters the runner vanes axially and. Its invention allowed efficient power production in lowhead applications which was not possible with francis turbines. This type of turbine is located in the old lowhead. In peltons wheel, the water falls freely to the atmosphere. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan turbine. Efficiency analysis of different types of turbine ijirset. Kaplan turbine, a variation of the francis turbine. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. Difference between pelton and turgo basically, the only difference is that the turgo has the jet enter about 20 degrees angle to the plane of rotation. The wheel is immersed and operates both the water velocity kinetic energy, that a pressure difference. A hill curve depicts the optimum performance of the model. Difference between francis and kaplan turbine pdf 23. There is no cavitation because water jet strikes only a specific portion of the runner.
Medium discharge is required for the working of the francis turbine. The kinetic energy is converted into mechanical work in the wheel of the pelton turbine. Water turbines are the modern successors of simple waterwheels, which date back about 2,000 years. Differences between francis and kaplan turbines mech4study.
The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than in the pelton wheel turbine. This in turn makes it possible to use a larger jet relative to the turbine pitch diameter, therefore for a given head and target rpm the turgo can handle more water and produce more power. Difference between pelton and turgo hartvigsen hydro. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
Buy pelton, kaplan, francis,turgo,tubular turbine generator unit price from chongqing royway machinery coltd at afforadable price chongqing royway machinery coltd chongqing china offering pelton, kaplan, francis,turgo,tubular turbine generator unit price manufacturers, exporters. These normally operate as a single stage without nozzle and interstage guide vanes. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine. Most of the turbines developed earlier were suitable for large heads of water. Francis turbine is a mixed flow turbine whereas kaplan is an axial flow turbine. What is the difference between kaplan and pelton turbine. Francis and kaplan both the turbines come under category of reaction turbine i.
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