Hydraulic turbines difference between impulse and reaction hydraulic turbines. Different factors affecting the selection of a turbine are briefly explained in this article. Most of the turbines developed earlier were suitable for large heads of water. The difference in peak efficiency is about 9%, and even the difference in the location of peak efficiencies occurs over several megawatts. Pelton turbine is an impulse turbine while kaplan is a reaction turbine.
Kaplan turbines could technically work across a wide range of heads and flow rates, but because of other turbine types being more effective on higher heads, and because kaplans are relative expensive, they are the turbine of choice for lower head sites with high flow rates. An example of a reaction turbine is francis, kaplan turbine. Both turbines produced power due to both kinetic energy and pressure energy. Flow regulation is carried out by means of guide vane assembly. If you like this article, dont forget to share it on social networks. In other words, the governor of each and every turbine. Kaplan turbine, a variation of the francis turbine. In both the cases hydraulic energy of water gets converted into useful power output. The working procedure, main components and its application is discussed in this article. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the francis and. Francis turbine variation in the operating head can be more simply controlled.
A kaplan turbine is a water turbine that was developed by austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19 and francis turbine was developed by james. The required discharge for the working of a pelton turbine is low. Buy pelton, kaplan, francis,turgo,tubular turbine generator unit price from chongqing royway machinery coltd at afforadable price chongqing royway machinery coltd chongqing china offering pelton, kaplan, francis,turgo,tubular turbine generator unit price manufacturers, exporters. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan. Medium discharge is required for the working of the francis turbine.
Its similar to the propeller turbine, except that its blades are adjustable. Kaplan turbine is more compact in crosssection and has lower rotational speed to that of francis turbine. Efficiency analysis of different types of turbine ijirset. A water turbine uses the potential energy resulting from the difference in elevation between an upstream water reservoir and the turbineexit water level the tailrace to convert this socalled head into work. A comparison of pelton, francis, and kaplan turbines. Austrian engineer viktor kaplan 18761934 invented this turbine. Evolution from francis turbine to kaplan turbine wikipedia. Kaplan turbine is designed for low water head applications. An example of an impulse turbine is the pelton wheel. The head ranges from 1070 metres and the output ranges from 5 to 200 mw. Difference between pelton and turgo hartvigsen hydro.
A francis turbine is a reactiontype turbine having a runner with a large number of fixed buckets, usually nine or more, to which the water is supplied in a whirling radial direction. Pelton turbine was developed by lester allan pelton in the year 1870. Difference between pelton and turgo basically, the only difference is that the turgo has the jet enter about 20 degrees angle to the plane of rotation. This in turn makes it possible to use a larger jet relative to the turbine pitch diameter, therefore for a given head and target rpm the turgo can handle more water and produce more power. On the other hand, impulse turbine is pelton wheel, banki turbine. The francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by james b. Flow regulation is done by means of a needle valve fitted into the nozzle. Francis turbine is a mixed flow turbine whereas kaplan is an axial flow turbine.
Kaplan turbine has propeller like blades but works just reverse. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine. The kaplan turbine runner has 38 blades while francis turbine runner has 1525 blades in general. In kaplan turbine, water enters the runner vanes axially and. The kaplan turbine was an evolution of the francis turbine. In peltons wheel, the water falls freely to the atmosphere. Difference between kaplan and francis turbine compare. A pelton turbine collects the dynamic pressure energy at the outlet pipe. There are different types of turbines such as a pelton turbine, kaplan turbine, francis turbine, bulb turbine etc.
For a kaplan turbine, it depicts the model as though it were operating with its optimum 3d bladetogate cam. It can be designed for operating heads ranging from 50 to 2,000 feet. The difference in the operating head can be extra simply controlled in francis turbine than in the pelton wheel turbine. Diffusion vanes are located in the discharge port of the pump to eliminate the. Examples of reaction turbine are francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, etc. Subscribe our website for more informative articles. Francis turbine, kaplan and propeller turbine, deriaz turbine, tubuler turbine, fourneyron etc.
Water turbine gas turbine old technology science and technology st francis dam form architecture hydroelectric power jet engine alternative energy. Kaplan and francis are two types of turbines which were developed by two different engineers. Later on some modification was made on it then it is called as modern francis turbine. Before talking about the differences lets see some similarities 1. Efficiency of kaplan turbine is higher than francis turbine. The turbine is always installed above the tailrace and there is no draft tube used. Instead of displacing the water axially using shaft power and creating axial thrust, the axial force of water acts on the blades of kaplan turbine and generating shaft power. Difference between pelton, francis and kaplan turbines. In fact, it resembles a pelton only with half cups arranged around the.
Kaplan, francis and pelton hydroelectric turbines youtube. Its invention allowed efficient power production in lowhead applications which was not possible with francis turbines. A hill curve depicts the optimum performance of the model. Turbine turbine turbine selection on the basis of specific speed. The two turbine types are examined and compared with each other together with the turbine supply unit and the universal drive and brake unit. Difference between frances turbine and kaplan turbine type of turbine france turbine is radially in ward or mixed flow turbine kaplan turbine is partially axial floe disposition of shafts. What is the differences between pelton turbine and kaplan turbine. As discussed above, it is a type of reaction turbine. He developed inward radial flow reaction turbine called as francis turbine. General differences between francis and kaplan turbines. There is no cavitation because water jet strikes only a specific portion of the runner.
Hi all in this video lecture i have discussed about the difference between francis turbine vs kaplan turbine from the unit turbine of fluid mechanics or fluid machineryhydraulics or hydraulics machinery. Water turbines are the modern successors of simple waterwheels, which date back about 2,000 years. Optimizing kaplan turbine efficiency with minimal cost. Kaplan turbine was developed by the austrian professor viktor kaplan in 19. Kaplan turbine its components, working and application. What are the difference between tender and contract documents. The turgo turbine is similar in operation to the pelton wheel. These normally operate as a single stage without nozzle and interstage guide vanes. This video gives a short introduction to the kaplan, francis and pelton type hydroelectric turbines. General differences between francis and kaplan turbinesedit.
Difference between impulse and reaction turbine with pdf. Pelton wheel high working head, tangential water flow, low specific speed, low discharge and impulse type of turbine. It is necessary to avoid consuming of energy in head loss, and transform the maximum amount of energy, in dynamics pressure at the exit point. A pelton turbine is installed horizontally and may contain numerous stages of runners and cups, each stage adding to the turbines efficient kinetic energy to drive the power generator. Pelton, kaplan, francis,turgo,tubular turbine generator.
Initial turbine selection is usually based on the ratio of design variables known as the power specific speed. It has fewer parts as compared to franciss turbine which has both fixed vanes and guided vanes. It is also called as propeller turbine and evolved from the francis turbine. The mechanical efficiency of the pelton wheel turbine decreases faster than the francis turbine. What is the difference between a pelton wheel and the.
It is an inwardflow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts francis turbines are the most common water turbine in use today. Comparison between impulse turbine and reaction turbine. It is capable of working at low head and high flow rates very efficiently which is impossible with francis turbine. Hence, these are the parameter changes that has to be incorporated in converting a francis turbine to kaplan turbine. They operate in a water head from 40 to 600 m to 2,000 ft and are used primarily for electrical power production. What is the difference between kaplan and francis turbines. The francis turbine was invented by james bicheno francis, a pioneer in early waterpower. A reaction turbine is a type of turbine in which the working fluid comes to the turbine under great pressure and the energy is extracted by the turbine blades from the working fluid generally water unlike pelton turbine in which all the energy of the working fluid is. It was named after james bicheno francis 18151892, the american engineer who invented the apparatus in 1849. Francis turbine is a radial flow reaction turbine where as kaplan turbine is an axial flow reaction turbine. Difference between francis and kaplan turbine pdf 23. What is the difference between kaplan and pelton turbine. Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine where static pressure head of water is converted into mechanical energy. Turbine turbine selection on the basis of specific speed.
Difference between kaplan and francis turbine in kaplan turbine water enters axially and leaves axially, while in francis turbine water enters. The invention of kaplan turbine is evolution in the field of hydraulic turbines or we can say that it is the upgrade version of francis turbine. These are all major difference between francis and kaplan turbine. This type of turbine is located in the old lowhead. If you have any query regarding this article, ask by commeting. Crossflow turbine, also known as bankimichell turbine, or ossberger turbine. But i search for differences between pelton wheel fransis turbine and keplon turbine. Pelton turbine has a nozzle which converts hydraulic energy into kinetic energy. Distinguish, differentiate, compare and explain what is the main difference between kaplan and francis turbine in mechanical engineering. The kinetic energy is converted into mechanical work in the wheel of the pelton turbine. Francis and kaplan both the turbines come under category of reaction turbine i.
Both serve almost the same purpose only names along with slight operating ways and their time of arrival is different. Regulation of flow in reaction turbine is carried out by means of a guidevalve, scroll casing, stay. In kaplan turbine water enters axially and leaves axially, while in francis turbine water enters the runner radially and exits axially. Differences between francis and kaplan turbines mech4study. Impulse turbine in the impulse turbine first all pressure energy of water. The wheel is immersed and operates both the water velocity kinetic energy, that a pressure difference. This method may be used on any hydraulic reaction turbine, including francis and, in particular, kaplan turbines. The overall efficiency of the pelton turbine is high. Turgo turbine, a modified form of the pelton wheel. On this channel you can get education and knowledge for general issues and topics.
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